Time lines

Figure 1: Illustrative Conceptual Net Negotiations Model

Negotiation:	Key Internet Diffusion Milestones
	Initial Internet access	ISP licensed	Leased-lines on market	2nd ISP	2^nd Inter. Circuit	National Switch	Decent. of IT Policy DM	Foreign invest-ment	Regulation	VOIP
Duration	1990	1996	2000	1999	2004		1997	1997	1997	En cours
Actors (Pro & Con)	.International actors .Research sector .Leland project	.Africa-on-line	.Afripa Telecom .Prestige Telecom . Intelcom	.Aviso (CI-Telecom) .Globe access .Afnet .	.GVT .ATCI .CTCI .CI-Telecom .Afripa Telecom .Prestige telecom		. GVT . Private sector . International actors	.GVT .France Telecom . Us investors .Canada investors (Telecel International, Prestige Canada)	.GVT .ATCI .CTCI	.Business Centers . Private sector . Leased lines providers .CI-Telecom .ATCI
Issues	Positive (acceptance)	Positive (Acceptance)	Positive (acceptance)	Positive (acceptance)	Negative		Privatization of the historical operator CITELCOM, with a one-time 7-year monopoly for domestic wireline services.	France Telecom won	. A lot of licences delivered . Sometimes Unfair	Only Ci-Telecom is authorized until 2004
Primary Impediment	None	None	None	None	None		None	Politics	Politics	.Politics .CI-Telecom
Secondary Impediment	None	None	None	None	None		None	CI-Telecom	Politics	. CI-Telecom
Urgency
Contentiousness	Low	Low	High				High	Yes	Yes	Yes
Transparency	High	High	High	High			Low	Low	Low	Low
Perceived Acceptance	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes			High	No	Yes	No
Perceived Fairness	Yes	Yes	No	No			Low	No	No

Total Outbound bandwidth in Kbps in 2002= 256 (nl)+512 (Globe access)+512 (aol) +4000 (Afnet) +2000 (Aviso) = 7280 Kbit/s

(Table drawn from the working document of the seminar for the installation of a directing diagram of the NTIC in RCI)

The Leland node is a USAID grant to Côte d'Ivoire that is managed by CI-Telecom. It aimed to create a favorable environnement for access to information technologies infrastructure so as to promote things like the Internet. In its initial phase, 128 Kb/s access link was provided from MCI in the US. The USAID subsidy lasted 3 years at 80% the first year, 65% the second and 25% the third. The fourth year is entirely supported by CI-Telecom. The Leland node can support 15 Internet services providers at 64 Kbit/s.

Côte d'Ivoire had taken an option of liberalization of the sector. Indeed, until 1995, three successive plans of development (Plan Telecom I, II, III) had been engaged to improve quality of service of telecommunications and in particular its accessibility in Côte d'Ivoire. By 1997, the outlined objectives had not from being reached. The government of Côte d'Ivoire therefore undertook a complete reform of the sector as follows:

· Privatization of the historical operator CITELCOM, with a one-time 7-year monopoly for domestic wireline services;

· And, finally, opening of competition to mobile telephony, the public pay phone, the data transmission services and access to Internet.

The privatization of CI-Telecom was done in an environment of adversity. The government was contested by many. They complained that France Telecom did not have the best offer. Most of the complaints come from Ivorians associated to others foreign investors. The complaints emphasize on the weigh of the French Government.

ISP	Numbers subscribers	Number of Modems	Lines of access	Band-width of the access to the backbone	Ratio Modem/subscribers
Africa-On- Line	2720	212	212	256 (nl) 512/500 Kbit/s (Vsat)	14,7
Globe Access	3000	154	154	256 (nl) 512/500 Kbit/s (Vsat)	9,7
Afnet	2000	60	60	0 Kb (nl) 2/4 Mbit/s	10,2
Aviso	7000	366	366	128 Kb (nl) 2 Mbit/s	13,5
Total	14 720		990	7280

ISPs	Number of Clients 1999	Number of Clients 2000	Number of Clients 2002
AVISO	2400	3100	7000
Africa-on-line	2000	2800	2720
Globe Access	1250	2500	3000
Afnet	600	N/A	2000
Comete	150	Merged

Ivory Coast -- Time Lines

Duration

Contentiousness

AVISO