ICB References & Publications

References

The following is a sample of studies that have employed ICB data to varying degrees. The listing is based largely on the references included in Michael Brecher's ISA Presidential Address (International Studies Quarterly, 1999). Please contact Joseph Hewitt to suggest other titles to include here.

Recent Publications

James, P. 2004. "Systemism, Social Mechanisms, and Scientific Progress: A Case Study of the International Crisis Behavior Project," Philosophy of the Social Sciences 34(3): 352-370. [ abstract ]

Baum, Matthew A. 2004. "Going Private." Journal of Conflict Resolution 48(5): 603-631. [ abstract ]

Beardsley, Kyle C., David M. Quinn, Bidisha Biswas, and Jonathan Wilkenfeld. 2006. "Mediation Style and Crisis Outcomes." Journal of Conflict Resolution 50(1): 58-86. [ abstract ]

Ben-Yehuda, Hemda, MeiravMishali-Ram. 2006. "Ethnic Actors and International Crises: Theory and Findings, 1918-2001." International Interactions 32(1): 49-78. [ abstract ]

Chiozza, Giacomo and H. E. Goemans. 2004. "International Conflict and the Tenure of Leaders: Is War Still Ex Post Inefficient?" American Journal of Political Science 48 (July): 604-619. [ abstract ]

Chiozza, Giacomo and H. E. Goemans. 2004. "Avoiding Diversionary Targets." Journal of Peace Research 41(4): 423-443. [ abstract ]

Colaresi, Michael P. and William R. Thompson. 2005. "Alliances, Arms Buildups and Recurrent Conflict: Testing a Steps-to-War Model." Journal of Politics 67 (May): 345-364. [ abstract ]

De Rivera, Joseph. 2004. "Assessing the Basis for a Culture of Peace in Contemporary Societies." Journal of Peace Research 41(5): 531-548. [ abstract ]

DeRouen, Jr., Karl R. and Shaun Goldfinch. 2005. "Putting the Numbers to Work: Implications for Violence Prevention." Journal of Peace Research 42(1): 27-45. [ abstract ]

DeRouen, Jr., Karl and Christopher Sprecher. 2004. "Initial Crisis Reaction and Poliheuristic Theory." Journal of Conflict Resolution 48(1): 56-68. [ abstract ]

Diehl, Paul F. 2006 "Just a Phase?: Integrating Conflict Dynamics Over Time" Conflict Management and Peace Science 32(3): 199-210. [ abstract ]

Fortna, Virginia Page. 2004. "Interstate Peacekeeping: Causal Mechanisms and Empirical Effects." World Politics 56(July): 481-519. [ abstract ]

Hewitt, Joseph, J., Gary Goertz. 2005 "Conceptualizing Interstate Conflict: How Do Concept-Building Strategies Relate to Selection Effects?" International Interactions 31(2): 163-182. [ abstract ]

Hewitt, J. Joseph. 2005. "A Crisis-Density Formulation for Identifying Rivalries." Journal of Peace Research 42(2): 183-200. [ abstract ]

James, Patrick. 2004. "Systemism, Social Mechanisms, and Scientific Progress: A Case Study of the International Crisis Behavior Project." Philosophy of the Social Sciences. 34(3): 352-370. [ abstract ]

Keller, Jonathan W. 2005. "Leadership Style, Regime Type, and Foreign Policy Crisis Behavior: A Contingent Monadic Peace?" International Studies Quarterly 49(2): 205-232. [ abstract ]

Knecht, Thomas, Stephen Weatherford. 2006. "Public Opinion and Foreign Policy: The Stages of Presidential Decision Making." International Studies Quarterly 50(3): 705-727. [ abstract ]

Lai, Brian. 2004. "The Effects of Different Types of Military Mobilization on the Outcome of International Crises." Journal of Conflict Resolution 48(2): 211-229. [ abstract ]

Lai, Brian and Dan Reiter. 2005. "Rally 'Round the Union Jack? Public Opinion and the Use of Force in the United Kingdom, 1948-2001." International Studies Quarterly 49 (June): 255-272. [ abstract ]

Mishali-Ram, Meirav. 2006. "Ethnic Diversity, Issues, and International Crisis Dynamics, 1918-2002." Journal of Peace Research 43(5): 583-600. [ abstract ]

Pickering, Jeffrey and Emizet F. Kisangani. 2005. "Democracy and Diversionary Military Intervention: Reassessing Regime Type and the Diversionary Hypothesis." International Studies Quarterly 49(1): 23-44. [ abstract ]

Schafer, Mark, Stephen G. Walker. 2006. "Democratic Leaders and the Democratic Peace: The Operational Codes of Tony Blair and Bill Clinton." International Studies Quarterly 50(3): 561-583. [ abstract ]

Tago, Atsushi. 2005. "Determinants of Multilateralism in US Use of Force: State of Economy, Election Cycle, and Divided Government." Journal of Peace Research 42(5): 585-604. [ abstract ]

Theory

Books

BRECHER, M. (1993) Crises in World Politics: Theory and Reality. Oxford: Pergamon Press.

BRECHER, M., and P. JAMES. (1986) Crisis and Change in World Politics. Boulder, C0: Westview Press.

BRECHER, M., and J. WILKENFELD. (1989) Crisis, Conflict and Instability. Oxford: Pergamon Press.

HARVEY, F. P. (1997) The Future's Back: Nuclear Rivalry, Deterrence Theory and Crisis Stability After the Cold War. Montreal and Kingston, ON: McGill-Queen's University Press.

JAMES, P. (1988) Crisis and War. Montreal and Kingston, ON: McGill-Queen's University Press.

Articles

BEN-YEHUDA, H. (1999) Opportunity Crises: Framework and Findings 1918-1994. Conflict Management and Peace Science 17: 69-102.

BEN-YEHUDA, H., AND S. SANDLER. (1998) Crisis Magnitude and Interstate Conflict: Changes in the Arab-Israel Dispute. Journal of Peace Research 35:83-109.

BRECHER, M. (1977a) Toward a Theory of International Crisis Behavior. International Studies Quarterly 21:39-74.

BRECHER, M. (1979a) State Behavior in International Crisis: A Model. Journal of Conflict Resolution 23:446-480.

BRECHER, M. (1984) Systeme et Crise en Politique Internationale. Etudes Internationales, Numero Special, "La Crise des Relations Internationales: Vers un Bilan," XV:755-788. (Reprinted 1987. In Analyse des Relations Internationales: approches, concepts, donnees, B. Korany et collaborators, edited by Gaetan Morin, pp. 73-106. Montreal (French).

BRECHER, M. (1989a) "Toward a Theory of Crisis in World Politics." In Crisis, Conflict and Instability, by M. Brecher and J. Wilkenfeld, pp. 209-228. Oxford: Pergamon Press.

BRECHER, M. (1994) International Crises: Reflections on the Future. Security Studies 3:650-667.

BRECHER, M. (1996a) Crisis Escalation: Model and Findings. International Political Science Review 17:213-228.

BRECHER, M. (1997) "Crisis Escalation: A New Model and Findings." In Conflict in World Politics: Advances in the Study of Crisis, War and Peace, edited by F. P. Harvey and B. D. Mor, pp. 119-141. London: Macmillan.

BRECHER, M. (1999) "International Studies in the Twentieth Century and Beyond: Flawed Dichotomies, Syntheses, Cumulation," International Studies Quarterly 43, 213-64.

BRECHER, M., AND H. BEN-YEHUDA. (1985) System and Crisis in International Politics. Review of International Studies 11:17-36.

BRECHER, M., AND P. JAMES. (1988) Patterns of Crisis Management. Journal Of Conflict Resolution 32:426-456.

BRECHER, M., AND P. JAMES. (1989) "Polarity, Stability, Crisis: The Debate over Structure and Conflict Twenty-Five Years Later. I. State of the Art and New Directions." In Crisis, Conflict and Instability, by M. Brecher and J. Wilkenfeld, pp. 29-42. Oxford: Pergamon Press.

BRECHER, M., P. JAMES, AND J. WILKENFELD. (1990) Polarity and Stability: New Concepts, Indicators and Evidence." International Interactions 16:49-80.

BRECHER, M., AND J. WILKENFELD. (1982) Crises in World Politics. World Politics XXXIV:380-417.

BRECHER, M., AND J. WILKENFELD. (1991) "International Crises and Global Instability: The Myth of the `Long Peace'." In The Long Postwar Peace, edited by Charles W. Kegley, Jr., pp. 85-104. New York: HarperCollins.

BRECHER, M., J. WILKENFELD, AND S. R. HILL. (1987) "Threat and Violence in International Crises." In Theoretical Frameworks of the Contemporary World in Transition: Vol. I, Interstate Relations and Decision-Making, edited by K. Mushakoji and H. Usui, pp. 57-102. Tokyo: Yushindo Kobunsha Publishing Co. (Japanese)

BRECHER, M., J. WILKENFELD, AND P. JAMES. (1989) "Polarity, Stability, Crisis: The Debate over Structure and Conflict Twenty-Five Years Later. II. Weighing the Evidence." In Crisis, Conflict and Instability, by M. Brecher and J. Wilkenfeld, pp. 43-55. Oxford: Pergamon Press.

CARMENT, D. (1993) The International Dimensions of Ethnic Conflict: Concepts, Indicators, and Theory. Journal of Peace Research 30:137-50.

CARMENT, D., AND P. JAMES. (1995) Internal Constraints and Interstate Ethnic Conflict: Toward a Crisis-based Assessment of Irredentism. Journal of Conflict Resolution 39:82-109.

CARMENT, D., AND P. JAMES. (1996) Toward a Model of Interstate Ethnic Conflict: Evidence from the Balkans War and the Indo-Sri Lankan Conflict. Canadian Journal of Political Science 29:521-554.

CARMENT, D., AND P. JAMES. (1997) "Secession and Irredenta in World Politics: The Neglected Interstate Dimension." In Wars in the Midst of Peace, edited by D. Carment and P. James, pp. 194-231. Pittsburgh, PA.: University of Pittsburgh Press.

HARVEY, F. P., AND P. JAMES. (1996) Nuclear Crisis as a Multi-stage Threat Game: Toward an Agenda for Comparative Research. International Political Science Review 17:197-214.

HARVEY, F. P., AND P. JAMES. (1997) "Nuclear Crisis as a Multi-Stage Threat Game: Toward an Agenda for Comparative Research." In Conflict in World Politics: Advances in the Study of Crisis, War and Peace, edited by F. P. Harvey and B. D. Mor, pp. 142-160. London: Macmillan.

HEWITT, J. J., AND J. WILKENFELD. (1996) Democracy and International Crisis. International Interactions 22:123-142.

HEWITT, J.J., AND J. WILKENFELD. (1999) One-Sided Crises in the International System. Journal of Peace Research 36: 309-23.

JAMES, P., AND A. HRISTOULAS. (1994a) Domestic Politics and Foreign Policy: Evaluating a Model of Crisis Activity for the United States. Journal of Politics 56:327-348.

JAMES, P., AND A. HRISTOULAS. (1994b) "Accounting for Crises in World Politics: Realpolitik Versus Internal Processes." In Reconstructing Realpolitik, edited by F. W. Wayman and P. F. Diehl, pp. 57-79. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.

JAMES, P., AND J. WILKENFELD. (1984) Structural Factors and International Crisis Behavior. Conflict Management and Peace Science 7:33-53.

JAMES, P., AND J. WILKENFELD. (1989) "Structural Attributes and Outcome Characteristics of International Crises." In Crisis, Conflict and Instability, by M. Brecher and J. Wilkenfeld, pp. 113-123. Oxford: Pergamon Press.

RIOUX, J. (1997) "US Crises and Domestic Politics: Crisis Outcomes, Reputation, and Domestic Consequences." Southeastern Political Review Vol. 25, no. 2 (June): 219-229.

RIOUX, J. (1998) "A Crisis-Based Evaluation of the Democratic Peace Proposition." Canadian Journal of Political Science Vol. XXXI, no. 2 (June): 263-83.

RIOUX, J. (1999) "Crisis negotiation outcomes among equals and unequals, democracies and nondemocracies." International Politics Vol. 36, no. 1 (March): 25-44.

Aggregate Data Analysis

Books

BRECHER, M., AND J. WILKENFELD. (1988) Crises in the Twentieth Century: Vol. I. Handbook of International Crises. Oxford: Pergamon Press.

BRECHER, M., AND J. WILKENFELD. (1997) A Study of Crisis. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. Paperback Edition with CD-ROM (2000).

BRECHER, M., AND J. WILKENFELD. (2000) A Study of Crisis. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. (paperback and CD version)

MAOZ, ZEEV (1996) Domestic Sources of Global Change. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.

WILKENFELD, J., AND M. BRECHER. (1988) Crises in the Twentieth Century: Vol. II. Handbook of Foreign Policy Crises. Oxford: Pergamon Press.

Articles

BEN-YEHUDA, H. (1999). "Opportunity Crises: Framework and Findings, 1918-1994", Journal of Conflict Management and Peace Science 17(1): 69-102 (1999).

BEN-YEHUDA, H. (2002). "Territoriality Crisis and War in the Arab-Israel Conflict," Journal of Conflict Studies, 21(2): 78-108 (2002).

BEN-YEHUDA, H. (2003). "Clash of Civilization" Thesis: Findings From International Crises, 1918-1994'"Comparative Civilizations Review, No. 49(Fall): 28-42.

BEN-YEHUDA, H. (2004). "Territoriality and War in International Crises: Theory and Findings, 1918–2001" International Studies Review, 6, 85–105

BEN-YEHUDA, H. WITH MARGULIES, IRIS. (2001). "Regime Type and State behavior in Threat and Opportunity Crises: A Monadic Study of the Democratic Peace Theory, 1918-1994", International Politics, 38(3): 383-408 (2001).

BEN-YEHUDA, H. AND MEIRAV, M. (2003). "The Ethnic-State Perspective in International Crises: A Theoretical Framework Applied to the Arab-Israel Conflict 1947-2000", International Interactions, 29(1): 1-26.

BEN-YEHUDA, H. AND MEIRAV, M. (2006). "Ethnic Actors and International Crises: Theory and Findings, 1918-2001" International Interactions

BEN-YEHUDA, H. AND MEIRAV, M. (2006). "Ethnicity in Protracted Conflicts: The Arab-Israeli and India-Pakistan Cases 1947-2003" Journal of Conflict Studies.

BEN-YEHUDA, H. AND SANDLER, S. (1998) "Crisis Magnitude and Interstate Conflict: Changes in the Arab-Israeli Dispute," Journal of Peace Research, 35(1): 83-109.

BEN-YEHUDA, H. AND SANDLER, S. (2003) "Magnitude and Endurance in Interstate and Ethnic-State Crises: The Arab-Israeli Conflict, 1947-2000," Journal of Peace Research, 40(3): 271-285 (2003).

BOYER, M. A., AND J. WILKENFELD. (1989) "Third Party Intervention II: The Super-powers as Crisis Managers." In Crisis, Conflict and Instability, by M. Brecher and J.Wilkenfeld, pp. 75-89. Oxford: Pergamon Press.

BRECHER, M. (1984) International Crises and Protracted Conflicts. International Interactions 11:237-297.

BRECHER, M. (1989) "International Crises in the Twentieth Century." In Il Futuro Della Pace E La Violenza Del Futuro, edited by L. Bonanate, pp. 107-136. Edizioni citté di Lugano (Italian).

BRECHER, M., AND P. JAMES. (1987) International Crises in the Middle East, 1929-1979: Immediate Severity and Long-Term Importance. The Jerusalem Journal of International Relations 9:1-42.

BRECHER, M., AND P. JAMES. (1987) "Crisis Management in the Arab-Israeli Conflict." In Conflict Management in the Middle East, edited by G. Ben-Dor and D. B. Dewitt, pp. 3-28. Lexington, MA.: Lexington, Books.

*BRECHER, M., P. JAMES, AND J. WILKENFELD. (1998) "Escalation and War in the Twentieth Century: Findings from the International Crisis Behavior Project." In Scientific Knowledge of War: Identifying Patterns, Constructing Explanations, edited by J. A. Vasquez, forthcoming, Boulder, CO: Rowman and Littlefield.

BRECHER, M., M. PERANSON, AND D. EMELIFEONWU. (1995) Profiles of Interstate Crises, 1918-1988. International Interactions 20:375-401.

BRECHER, M., and J. WILKENFELD. (1989b) "Conflicts, Crises and Systems." In Crisis, Conflict and Instability, by M. Brecher and J. Wilkenfeld, pp. 141-158. Oxford: Pergamon Press.

BRECHER, M., and J. WILKENFELD. (1997) "The Ethnic Dimension of International Crises." In Wars in the Midst of Peace: The International Politics of Ethnic Conflict, edited by D. Carment and P. James, pp. 164-93. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press.

CARMENT, D., AND P. JAMES. (1998) The United Nations at 50: Managing Ethnic Crises -- Past and Present. Journal of Peace Research 35:61-82.

GELPI, C. (1997) "Crime and Punishment: The Role of Norms in Crisis Bargaining," American Political Science Review 91:339-360.

GELPI, C. (1997) "Democratic Diversions: Governmental Structure and the Externalization of Domestic Conflict," Journal of Conflict Resolution 41: 255-282.

HARVEY, F. P. AND P. JAMES. (1993) Nuclear Deterrence Theory: The Record of Aggregate Testing and an Alternative Research Agenda. Conflict Management and Peace Science 12:17-45.

JAMES, P. (1987) Externalization of Conflict: Testing a Crisis-Based Model. Canadian Journal of Political Science 20:573-598.

JAMES, P. (1989) Structure et Conflict en Politique Internationale: Une Analyse Sequentielle des Crises Internationales, 1929-1979. Etudes Internationales 20:791-815 (French).

JAMES, P. (1990) International Crises: A View From the South. Pacific Focus 5:5-18.

JAMES, P. (1991) Rational Retaliation: Superpower Response to Crisis, 1948-1979. Public Choice 68:117-135.

JAMES, P. (1993) The Great Powers and Crisis-Generated Instability: Some Preliminary Findings. The Journal of International Studies 30: 1-25.

JAMES, P. (1993) "Rational Choice in the Crisis Domain: An Appraisal of Superpower Interactions, 1948-1979." In Politics and Rationality, edited by J. W. Booth, P. James, and H. Meadwell, pp. 281-303. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

JAMES, P. (1994) Prospects for World Peace in an Age of Turbulence: The United States and International Crises. Etudes Internationales 25:67-90.

JAMES, P., AND M. BRECHER. (1988) Stability and Polarity: New Paths for Inquiry. Journal of Peace Research 25:31-42.

JAMES, P., M. BRECHER, AND T. HOFFMAN. (1988) International Crises in Africa, 1929-1979: Immediate Severity and Long-Term Importance. International Interactions 14:51-84.

JAMES, P., AND F. P. HARVEY. (1989) Threat Escalation and Crisis Stability: Superpower Cases, 1948-1979. Canadian Journal of Political Science XXII:523-545.

JAMES, P., AND F. P. HARVEY. (1992) The Most Dangerous Game: Superpower Rivalry in International Conflict, 1948-1985. Journal of Politics 54:25-51.

JAMES, P., AND L. HEBRON. (1997) "Great Powers, Cycles of Relative Capability, and Crises in World Politics. International Interactions 23:145-173.

JAMES, P., AND A. HRISTOULAS. (1994c) Perspectives Pour la Paix Mondiale a une Epoque de Turbulence: Les Etats-Unis et les Crises Internationales. Etudes Internationales 25:67-90 (French).

JAMES, P., AND J. R. ONEAL. (1991) The Influence of Domestic and International Politics on the President's Use of Force. Journal of Conflict Resolution 35:307-332.

*JAMES, P., AND J. S. RIOUX. (1998) International Crises and Linkage Politics: The Experiences of the United States 1953-1994. Political Research Quarterly.

MAOZ, ZEEV AND BRUCE M. RUSSETT (1993) "Normative and Structural Causes of Democratic Peace, 1946-1986," American Political Science Review 87: 624-638.

MERRITT, RICHARD L. AND DINA Z. ZINNES. (1994) "Data Development for International Research - Phase I: International Conflict and National Characteristics," International Interactions 20: 227-247.

RIOUX, J. S. (1997) U.S. Crises and Domestic Politics: Crisis Outcomes, Reputation, and Domestic Consequences. Southeastern Political Review 25:219-229.

RIOUX, J. S. (1998) A Crisis-Based Evaluation of the Democratic Peace Hypothesis. Canadian Journal of Political Science.

ROUSSEAU, D. L., C. GELPI, P. K. HUTH (1996) "Assessing the dyadic nature of the democratic peace, 1918-88," American Political Science Review 90: 512-33.

TRUMBORE, P. AND M. BOYER. (2000) Two-Level Negotiations in International Crisis: Testing the Impact of Regime Type and Issue Area. Journal of Peace Research, forthcoming.

WILKENFELD, J. (1991) Trigger-Response Transitions in Foreign Policy Crises, 1929-1985. Journal of Conflict Resolution 35:143-169.

WILKENFELD, J., AND M. BRECHER. (1982) "Superpower Crisis Management Behavior." In Foreign Policy: USA/USSR, edited by C. W. Kegley, Jr. and P. McGowan, chap. 8. Sage International Yearbook of Foreign Policy Studies, Vol. 7. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.

WILKENFELD, J., AND M. BRECHER. (1984) International Crises, 1945-1975: The UN Dimension. International Studies Quarterly 28:45-67.

WILKENFELD, J., AND M. BRECHER. (1985) The UN in International Crises: A Rejoinder to Lerner. International Studies Quarterly 29:479-480.

WILKENFELD, J., AND M. BRECHER. (1994) "The Ethnopolitical Dimension of International Crises: A Preliminary Mapping." In `Early Warning of Communal Conflicts and Humanitarian Crises', edited by T. R. Gurr and B. Harff. The Journal of Ethno-Development 4:56-64.

WILKENFELD, J., AND M. BRECHER. (2000) "Interstate Crises and Violence: Twentieth-Century Findings." In Handbook of War Studies II, edited by M. I. Midlarsky, pp. 271-300 Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.

Case Studies

Books

ANGLIN, D. G. (1994) Zambian Crisis Behaviour: Confronting Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence, 1965-1966. Montreal and Kingston, ON: McGill-Queens University Press.

BRECHER, M., ED. (1979b) Studies in Crisis Behavior. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books. (Originally appeared in The Jerusalem Journal of International Relations [Special Issue] 3:2-3 [1978a]).

BRECHER, M., WITH B. GEIST. (1980) Decisions in Crisis: Israel 1967 and 1973. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.

DAWISHA, A. I. (1980) Syria and the Lebanese Crisis. London: MacMillan.

DAWISHA, K. (1984) The Kremlin and the Prague Spring. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.

DOWTY, A. (1984) Middle East Crisis: U.S. Decision-Making in 1958, 1970, and 1973. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.

HOFFMANN, S. A. (1990) India and the China Crisis. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.

JUKES, G. (1985) Hitler's Stalingrad Decisions. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.

SHLAIM, Avi. (1983) The United States and the Berlin Blockade, 1948-1949. A Study in Crisis Decision-Making. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.

Articles

ANGLIN, D. G. (1980) Zambian Crisis Behavior: Confronting Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence 1965-1966. International Studies Quarterly 24:581-616.

BRECHER, M. (1977b) India's Devaluation of 1966: Linkage Politics and Crisis Decision-Making. British Journal of International Studies 3:1-25.

BRECHER, M., AND B. Geist. (1978) Crisis Behavior: Israel, 1973. The Jerusalem Journal of International Relations (Special Issue, Studies in Crisis Behavior) 3:197-228.

BRECHER, M., AND M. RAZ. (1977) Images and Behavior: Israel's Yom Kippur Crisis 1973. International Journal (Special Issue on Image and Reality) XXXII:475-500. Also in Medina U'Memshal V'Yahasim Benle'umim (State, Government and International Relations) 11:55-70 (Hebrew).

CARMENT, D. (1992) Les dimensions internes des comportements en temps de crise: etude de cas entre l'Inde et le Sri Lanka 1983-1990. Etudes Internationales 23:253-277.

*CARMENT, D. (1994) "Canada, the United Nations and Peacemaking: The Management and Resolution of Ethnic Conflict, 1945-1988." In Canada in the Changing International Arena, edited by S. Ederberg and Martimianakis, pp. . Waterloo, ON:University of Waterloo.

DAWISHA, A. I. (1978) Syria's Intervention in Lebanon, 1975-1976. The Jerusalem Journal of International Relations 3:245-263.

DAWISHA, K. (1978) The Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia, 1968. The Jerusalem Journal of International Relations 3:143-171.

DOWTY, A. (1978) The U.S. and the Syria-Jordan Confrontation, 1970. The Jerusalem Journal of International Relations 3:172-196.

FRANKEL, J. (1978) Britain's Behavior in the Cyprus Crisis, 1974. The Jerusalem Journal of International Relations 3:229-244.

LODGE, J., AND A. SHLAIM. (1978) The U.S. and the Berlin Blockade, 1948-1949. The Jerusalem Journal of International Relations 3:51-80.

NAVEH, H., AND M. BRECHER. (1978) Patterns of International Crises in the Middle East, 1938-1975: Preliminary Findings. The Jerusalem Journal of International Relations 3:277-315.

PEARSON, F. S., AND R.E. DOERGA. (1978) The Netherlands and the 1940 Nazi Invasion. The Jerusalem Journal of International Relations 3:25-50.

SHAPIRA, Y. (1978) The 1954 Guatemala Crisis. The Jerusalem Journal of International Relations 3:81-116.

VERTZBERGER, Ya'acov. (1978) India's Border Crisis with China, 1962. The Jerusalem Journal of International Relations 3:117-142.

Literature Reviews

Articles

BRECHER, M. (1996b) Crisis, Conflict and War - State of the Discipline. International Political Science Review 17:127-139.

BRECHER, M., AND F. P. HARVEY. (1997) "Conflict, Crisis and War: Cumulation, Criticism, Rejoinder." In Conflict in World Politics: Advances in the Study of Crisis, War and Peace, edited by F. P. Harvey and B. D. MOR, pp.3-29. London: Macmillan.

HARVEY, F. P. (1995) Rational Deterrence Theory Revisited: A Progress Report. Canadian Journal of Political Science XXVIII:403-436.

TANTER, R. (1978) International Crisis Behavior: An Appraisal of the Literature. The Jerusalem Journal of International Relations 3:340-374.

Miscellaneous

BRECHER, M. (1980) The International Crisis Behavior Project: An Interim Report. Comparative Foreign Policy Notes 8:32-40.

BRECHER, M., AND J. WILKENFELD. (1989) International Crisis Behavior Datasets. DDIR (Data Development for International Research) 4:1-12.

BRECHER, M., AND J. WILKENFELD. (1997) International Crisis Behavior Project, 1918-1994 (ICPSR 9286). Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research.